Newborn to Week 1: The Neonatal Period

Physical Development

Birth Characteristics:

• Weight: 3-4 ounces (85-115 grams)
• Length: Approximately 4-5 inches
• Eyes: Sealed shut
• Ears: Sealed and folded flat
• Umbilical Cord: Attached; dries and falls off within 2-3 days
• Temperature Regulation: Cannot self-regulate
• Elimination: Requires manual stimulation

Daily Changes:

• Day 1-2: Umbilical cord begins to dry
• Day 2-3: Cord falls off naturally
• Day 3-5: Skin color becomes more distinct
• Day 5-7: Individual characteristics begin to show

Weight Gain Expectations:

Critical Survival Factors:

• Warmth: Maintain environment at 95-99°F (35-37°C)
• Nutrition: Feed every 2-3 hours
• Elimination: Stimulate after each feeding
• Handling: Minimal handling except for essential care

Behavioral Characteristics

Capabilities:

• Crawling (belly on ground)
• Rooting reflex (searching for nipple)
• Strong suckling reflex
• Vocalization (primarily distress calls)

Activity Pattern:

• 90% sleeping
• 10% nursing
• Minimal movement between siblings

Communication:

• Loud crying when hungry, cold, or separated
• Quiet when content and warm
• Vocalizations guide the mother to their needs

Care Requirements

Feeding:

• Mother's milk or kitten milk replacer (KMR)
• Feed every 2-3 hours around the clock
• Amount: 2-6 ml per feeding

Environment:

• Constant warmth (95-99°F)
• Soft, clean, absorbent bedding
• Protected, quiet nesting area
• Minimal disruption and gentle handling

Health Monitoring:

• Daily weighing at the same time each day
• Monitor nursing activity and latch
• Check for regular urination and defecation
• Watch for signs of weakness, chilling, or lethargy

Warning Signs

Immediate Veterinary Attention Required:

• Weight loss or no gain for 24 hours
• Constant crying despite being fed and warm
• Cold body temperature (feels cool to the touch)
• Lethargy or extreme weakness
• Failure to nurse
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Discharge from eyes, nose, or umbilical site
• Bloated or distended abdomen
• Labored or noisy breathing

Week 2: Eyes Opening

Physical Development

Week 2 Characteristics:

• Weight: 7-10 ounces (200-280 grams)
• Eyes: Begin opening (days 7-14)
• Ears: Start to unfold and lift
• Teeth: First baby teeth (incisors) may emerge
• Mobility: More coordinated crawling

Eye Development:

• Open from the inner corners first
• Process typically takes 2-3 days
• All kittens are born with blue eyes
• Vision is poor and blurry when first opened
• Eye color will change over the coming weeks/months

Weight Gain:

• Expected Daily Gain: ¼ to ½ ounce
• Should double birth weight by day 10-14
• Weekly Total Gain: 2-4 ounces

Behavioral Changes

New Abilities:

• First wobbly attempts to stand
• Beginning to respond to sounds
• More purposeful crawling direction
• Initial attempts at self-grooming

Activity Pattern:

• 80% sleeping
• 15% nursing
• 5% limited exploration of the nest

Sensory Development:

• Vision is developing but remains blurry
• Hearing is beginning to function
• Scent remains the primary sense for navigation

Care Adjustments

Feeding:

• Every 3-4 hours (6-8 times daily)
• Amount: 6-10 ml per feeding
• Slightly longer intervals possible at night

Environment:

• Reduce ambient temperature to 90-95°F (32-35°C)
• Begin brief, gentle daily handling by humans
• Maintain a protected nesting area

Socialization Introductions:

• Brief, positive human interaction
• Gentle exposure to common household sounds
• Introduction to different safe textures (soft fabrics)

Developmental Milestones Checklist

• Eyes begin opening (between day 7-14)
• Ears start to unfold and lift
• Attempting to stand with support
• Responding to loud or sudden sounds
• Double birth weight reached
• Regular elimination with stimulation

Week 3: Walking Begins

Physical Development

Week 3 Characteristics:

• Weight: 10-13 ounces (280-370 grams)
• Eyes: Fully open
• Ears: Fully erect
• Mobility: First wobbly steps
• Teeth: Baby teeth becoming visible
• Elimination: Beginning to eliminate independently

Motor Development:

• Walking (wobbly and uncoordinated)
• Sitting upright without toppling
• Brief standing without support
• Greatly improved head control
• Beginning to use front paws for batting

Sensory Development:

• Vision is improving but depth perception is still developing
• Hearing is now functional
• Sense of smell is well-developed
• Beginning to explore the world visually

Weight Gain:

• Expected Daily Gain: ¼ to ½ ounce
• Should triple birth weight by the end of week 3

Behavioral Changes

New Behaviors:

• Walking and exploring the immediate nest area
• Playing with littermates (clumsy pouncing and wrestling)
• Beginning to groom themselves and siblings
• Hissing and spitting (normal defensive practice)
• First purring may occur

Social Development:

• Recognizing littermates and mother
• Beginning of social play
• Responding to mother's calls
• Individual personality traits start emerging

Activity Pattern:

• 70% sleeping
• 20% nursing
• 10% active exploration and play

Care Adjustments

Feeding:

• Every 4 hours (approximately 6 times daily)
• Amount: 10-14 ml per feeding
• May show interest in mother's food

Environment:

• Reduce temperature to 85-90°F (29-32°C)
• Slightly expand the available safe space
• Introduce a very shallow, low-sided litter box with non-clumping, kitten-safe litter

Socialization:

• Increase gentle handling by multiple people
• Introduce to new, calm people
• Controlled exposure to normal household activities
• Beginning of critical socialization period

Developmental Milestones Checklist

• Eyes fully open and tracking movement
• Walking, even if wobbly
• Ears erect and responding to sound direction
• Baby teeth (incisors) clearly visible
• Beginning to use a litter box (with guidance)
• Engaging in first social play with siblings
• Triple birth weight achieved
• Consistently responding to sounds

Week 4: The Transitional Period

Physical Development

Week 4 Characteristics:

• Weight: 13-16 ounces (370-450 grams)
• Mobility: Walking steadily, attempting to run
• Senses: All senses are now functional
• Teeth: Sharp baby teeth are present
• Coordination: Marked improvement in motor skills

Motor Development:

• Confident walking
• Beginning to run (often with comical spills)
• Attempting to climb low obstacles
• Practicing pouncing posture
• Attempting to "catch" moving objects

Coat Development:

• Adult coat beginning to grow in
• Color and pattern becoming distinct
• Coat texture starting to change
• Whiskers are long and prominent

Weight Gain:

• Expected Daily Gain: ½ to 1 ounce
• The rapid growth phase is beginning

Behavioral Changes

New Behaviors:

• Running and playing energetically
• Climbing (with frequent falls)
• Pouncing on siblings and toys
• Object play beginning (chasing, batting)
• First serious attempts at self-grooming

Social Development:

• Complex play sequences with littermates
• Social hierarchy within the litter begins developing
• Play fighting teaches bite inhibition and boundaries
• Individual preferences for playmates emerge

Activity Pattern:

• 60% sleeping
• 20% nursing/eating
• 20% active play and exploration

Weaning Begins

Introduction to Solid Food:

• Offer high-quality kitten wet food/pâté, slightly warmed and mixed with kitten formula
• Use shallow, stable saucers
• Expect significant mess—this is a learning process
• Gradual interest is expected over the week

Litter Box Training:

• Most kittens use the box consistently
• May need gentle reminders or placement in the box after meals
• Occasional accidents are normal
• Praise and positive reinforcement for correct use

Developmental Milestones Checklist

• Running and playing energetically
• Attempting to climb onto low surfaces
• Eating slurry/mush from a dish (with some assistance)
• Using the litter box reliably
• Grooming themselves and littermates
• Engaging in complex social play
• Demonstrating pouncing and hunting play behaviors

Week 5: Active Weaning

Physical Development

Week 5 Characteristics:

• Weight: 1-1.25 pounds (450-570 grams)
• Mobility: Running confidently, attempting jumps
• Features: Adult facial features becoming apparent
• Growth: Rapid growth continues

Motor Skills:

• Coordinated running and turning
• Jumping onto low surfaces (a few inches high)
• Climbing successfully onto couches or beds
• Good balance and coordination
• Precise paw control for batting toys

Sensory Development:

• All senses are fully functional
• Good depth perception for jumping
• Excellent hearing—can locate sound sources accurately
• Keen sense of smell guides exploration

Behavioral Changes

Play Development:

• Extended, energetic play sessions
• Complex hunting games (stalk, pounce, capture)
• Vigorous wrestling with siblings
• Object play (carrying small toys)
• Actively learning bite inhibition from siblings

Independence:

• Spending more time away from mother
• Exploring areas beyond the primary nest
• Self-grooming skills are improving
• Nursing becomes less frequent, often for comfort

Vocalization:

• Expanded vocal repertoire
• Different sounds for different needs (hunger, play, attention)
• Beginning to meow distinctly to communicate with humans

Care Adjustments

Feeding:

• Solid food offered 3-4 times daily
• Formula or nursing supplements solid food
• Fresh, clean water must always be available
• Essential: High-quality, protein-rich kitten food

Socialization:

• Daily handling by multiple people (men, women, children under supervision)
• Positive exposure to various household experiences (vacuum, TV, doorbells)
• Play with different toy types (feathers, balls, crinkle toys)
• Begin very basic training (coming when called, name recognition)

Developmental Milestones Checklist

• Eating solid food regularly as a primary nutrition source
• Running and jumping with coordination
• Climbing onto furniture successfully
• Engaging in extended, complex play sessions
• Self-grooming effectively
• Using an expanded range of vocalizations
• Considered litter box trained

Week 6: Independence Growing

Physical Development

Week 6 Characteristics:

• Weight: 1.25-1.5 pounds (570-680 grams)
• Proportions: Adult body proportions developing
• Skills: Excellent motor skills and coordination
• Ability: Can climb most household obstacles
• Energy: Very active and agile

Growth Rate:

• Still gaining ½ to 1 ounce daily
• Approaching 1.5 pounds
• Sexual characteristics may become apparent (distance between anus and genital opening)

Behavioral Changes

Play Intensity:

• Vigorous, extended play periods
• Complex, sequenced hunting behaviors
• Wrestling and rough-and-tumble play
• Learning and testing social boundaries
• Developing an individual play style

Independence:

• Minimal nursing (primarily for comfort)
• Self-sufficient eating from a bowl
• Full litter box independence
• Confident exploration of the entire safe environment

Social Skills:

• Reading and responding to littermate body language
• Understanding play boundaries and when to stop
• Beginning to show submission/dominance behaviors
• Individual personality is now clear

Developmental Milestones Checklist

• Nursing only minimally, if at all
• Eating independently and sufficiently
• Exhibiting excellent, adult-like motor skills
• Engaging in complex, imaginative play behaviors
• Clear, consistent personality is evident
• Responding to their name (if consistently taught)

Weeks 7-8: Preparing for New Homes

Physical Development

Week 7-8 Characteristics:

• Weight: 1.5-2 pounds (680-900 grams)
• Movement: Nearly adult-like in grace and coordination
• Coordination: Excellent for precise movements
• Coat: Adult coat continues to develop
• Maturity: Sexual maturity approaching (especially in males)

First Veterinary Visit & Vaccinations:

• Typical Age: 6-8 weeks
• Core Vaccine: First FVRCP (feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, panleukopenia)
• Procedures: Comprehensive veterinary examination, fecal check, and deworming
• Note: This begins their vaccination series; follow your vet's specific schedule.

Behavioral Development

Social Skills:

• Well-developed play and communication skills
• Understanding of basic feline social cues
• Social hierarchy within the litter is typically established
• Primed for strong bonding with human caregivers

Training Readiness:

• Fully litter box trained
• Beginning to use scratching posts (redirect from furniture)
• Responsive to positive human interaction and play
• Ready for consistent name training and simple commands

Independence:

• Fully weaned from mother's milk
• Eating solid food exclusively and independently
• Competent at self-grooming
• Ethical Note: Ready to separate from mother and littermates only at 8+ weeks of age

Developmental Milestones Checklist

• Received first vaccinations and veterinary health check
• Fully weaned onto solid kitten food
• Eating and drinking completely independently
• Well-socialized with humans and confident in the home
• Physically and behaviorally ready for transition to a new home (8+ weeks)

Weeks 9-12: The Juvenile Period

Physical Development

Week 9-12 Characteristics:

• Weight: 2-3+ pounds (900-1400+ grams)
• Size: Approaching juvenile size, losing some "baby" proportions
• Maturity: Sexual maturity approaching; discuss spay/neuter timing with your vet
• Coat: Adult coat is filling in
• Growth: Rate begins to slow slightly but remains steady

Second Veterinary Visit:

• Core Vaccine Booster: FVRCP booster at 10-12 weeks
• Continued Care: Follow-up deworming as advised, flea prevention if applicable
• Monitoring: Veterinarian will monitor growth and overall health

Behavioral Development

Maturation:

• Behavior becomes more deliberate and adult-like
• Play is less frantic and more strategic
• Attention span increases
• Adult preferences (for toys, sleeping spots, people) are developing

Training:

• Capable of learning household rules and boundaries
• Strong name recognition
• Can begin learning simple commands ("come," "no")
• Litter box habits are solid and consistent

Socialization:

• The primary socialization critical period is ending
• Core personality is largely formed
• Social preferences (cat-friendly, people-oriented) are established
• Bonds with human family are becoming strong and specific

Developmental Milestones Checklist

• Received second round of vaccinations
• Consistently responds to their name
• Understands basic household rules and boundaries
• Uses litter box without fail
• Has established appropriate scratching habits (using posts)
• Has formed strong, trusting bonds with human caregivers
• Fully ready for life in a permanent, loving home

Growth Charts and Averages

Weight by Age

Developmental Timeline Summary

Warning Signs by Age

Universal Warning Signs (All Ages)

• Weight: Loss or failure to gain for 24-48 hours
• Energy: Lethargy, weakness, or persistent hiding
• Digestion: Diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours or constipation (no stool for 48+ hours)
• Digestion: Vomiting, especially if frequent or containing blood
• Respiration: Difficulty breathing, wheezing, or open-mouth breathing
• Discharge: From eyes, nose, or genitals
• Appetite: Refusal to eat or drink for 12+ hours
• Vocalization: Extreme, constant crying or distress calls
• Temperature: Body feels cold to the touch

Age-Specific Concerns

Newborn-2 Weeks:

• Not nursing effectively
• No weight gain from birth
• Constant crying despite warmth and feeding
• Inability to maintain body temperature

2-4 Weeks:

• Eyes not opening by day 14
• Not attempting to walk by week 4
• Not urinating or defecating, even with stimulation
• Extreme lethargy and lack of movement

4-8 Weeks:

• Not eating any solid food by week 6
• Not using the litter box consistently by week 5-6
• Extreme, unshakeable fear or unwarranted aggression
• Complete failure to engage in any play

8-12 Weeks:

• Failure to continue gaining weight
• Persistent diarrhea or vomiting
• Sneezing, coughing, or other respiratory symptoms
• Behavioral regression (e.g., forgetting litter training)

When to Consult a Veterinarian

Routine Preventative Care Schedule

Emergency Situations Requiring Immediate Care

Seek Emergency Veterinary Care Immediately For:

• Not breathing or severe difficulty breathing
• Seizures or collapse
• Severe lethargy or unresponsiveness
• Profuse bleeding from any wound
• Known or suspected trauma (fall, crush injury)
• Signs of poisoning (drooling, tremors, vomiting, known ingestion)
• Extreme abdominal bloating or pain
• Straining to urinate without producing urine (URGENT in males)

Conclusion

Tracking kitten developmental milestones provides an essential framework for raising a healthy, well-socialized, and happy cat. From a helpless newborn completely dependent on caregivers to a confident juvenile ready for a lifetime of adventures, each week brings a remarkable transformation.

The benchmarks in this guide offer valuable reference points for normal development. Remember that individual kittens develop at slightly different paces—some may achieve milestones a few days earlier or later while remaining perfectly healthy. The key indicators are steady progress, consistent weight gain, and appropriate veterinary care.

By understanding what to expect at each stage, you can:

• Provide age-appropriate nutrition and care.
• Recognize potential health or behavioral issues early.
• Support critical socialization during key windows.
• Celebrate the incredible journey of growth.

Your attentive care during these formative weeks helps ensure the kitten in your life reaches its full potential as a beloved feline companion. Whether you are a breeder, foster caregiver, shelter worker, or first-time kitten owner, this developmental roadmap is here to support you through one of life's most rewarding experiences.

Enjoy every playful pounce, curious exploration, and contented purr along the way.